Research reveals that substances naturally secreted in the body interact differently with receptors in males and females, potentially altering how each gender’s brain perceives painful stimuli.
A study on mice unexpectedly revealed that the negative reinforcements hindering withdrawal from painkillers involve a distinct brain mechanism from the positive reinforcement that initially drives drug dependence.
In a recent study, researchers successfully engineered the common parasite Toxoplasma gondii to secrete a specific protein into the brain cells of mice.